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Before and after

1. Cause and effect​

impact on​

  • have a strong effect on something 严重影响

Heavy traffic has impacted badly on the city's air quality. 交通拥堵严重影响了城市的空气质量。

face up to​

  • accept and deal with a bad situation 勇于面对，敢于承担

Due to her injury, Colleen had to face up to the fact that she couldn't play in the match. 由于受伤，科琳不得不面对她无法参加比赛的事实。

result in​

  • cause something to happen 导致，造成

The heavy rain resulted in floods throughout the city. 大雨导致了整个城市洪水的爆发。

lead to​

  • cause something to happen 导致，引起

The discovery of some ancient ruins has led to an increase in tourism. 一些古代遗迹的发现导致了旅游业的增长。

die out​

  • disappear, become extinct 消失，灭绝

Scientists think that an asteroid colliding with Earth caused the dinosaurs to die out. 科学家们认为一颗小行星撞击地球导致了恐龙的灭绝。/ˈæstərɔɪd/ /kəˈlaɪd/

bring about​

  • cause something to happen 引起，导致

The invention of the computer brought about the end of the typewriter. 计算机的发明导致了打字机的终结。

2. Making comparisons​

compete with​

  • be as good as something else 比得上，能与...竞争

Old cell phones can't compete with today's smartphones. 旧手机无法与今天的智能手机相比。

measure up (to)​

  • be as good as people had hoped 达到预期的标准，符合期望

Sanjay got 100% on his exam. He more than measured up to his parents' expectations. 桑杰在考试中得了100分，他完全达到了他父母的期望。

improve on​

  • do something better than before 改进，做得比...更好

To get into college, you'll need to improve on last year's results. 为了考上大学，你需要比去年的成绩有所提高。

live up to​

  • be as good as people had hoped 达到预期的标准，不辜负期望

The new action movie really lived up to the crowd's expectations. 这部新的动作片真的没有辜负大众的期望。

3. Celine note​

more than​

  • 超出，不仅仅

Her kindness more than made up for the mistake. 她的善意远远弥补了这个错误。